GEORGE BERKELEY

1. INTRODUCTION (#1-6)

A. OVERCOMING SKEPTICISM (#1)

B. OVERCOMING PREJUDICE (#1)

C. OBSCURITY IN OUR USE OF FACULTIES (#2-3)

D. SEEKING TRUE PRINCIPLES OF KNOWLEDGE (#4)

E. HOPES TO SUCCEED (#5)

F. PROBLEMS: ABUSE OF LANGUAGE (#6) and ABSTRACT IDEAS (#6)

2. PART I (#1-15)--IDEALISM

A. IDEAS: OBJECTS OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE (#1 & #25)

ONLY LIKE OTHER IDEAS (#8)

PASSIVE & INERT (#25)

B. SPIRITS: ACTIVE & THINKING & WILLING (#2)

C. ESSE EST PERCIPI--TO BE IS TO BE PERCEIVED (#3)

D. ABSTRACT IDEAS (#4-6)

E. SPIRIT = SUBSTANCE (#7)

F. NO EXTERNAL(MIND INDEPENDENT)OBJECTS OUTSIDE OF IDEAS(#8)

G. PRIMARY & SECONDARY QUALITIES (#9-15)

3. NO MATERIAL SUBSTANCE (#16-33)

A. NO MIND-INDEPENDENT MATERIAL THINGS (#16-20)

B. CONSEQUENT ERRORS & TEST TO PROVE POINT &

CONTRADICTION(#21-24)

C. SPIRITS (#26-27)

D. NOTIONS (# 27)

E. IDEAS IN MY CONTROL (#28)

F. OTHER IDEAS BEYOND MY CONTROL-->OTHER SPIRITS AS CAUSE (#29)

G. ORDER OF IDEAS-->ALL POWERFUL SPIRIT (#30)

H. LAWS OF NATURE = CONNECTION AMONG IDEAS (#31)

I. NO NECESSARY CONNECTION AMONG IDEAS (#31)

J. WE TEND TO LOOK FOR SECONDARY CAUSES (#32)

K. REAL THINGS: IDEAS FROM GOD

IMAGES = IDEAS CAUSED BY US--IMAGINATION

NO IDEAS INDEPENDENT OF MINDS (#33)

4. OBJECTIONS (#34-44)

A. EVERYTHING IS ILLUSION

B. MATTER OR CORPOREAL SUBSTANCE DOES NOT EXIST (#35)

C. SUMMARY OF HIS POSITION (#36)

D. NO SUBSTANCE (#37)

E. LANGUAGE PROBLEM: "THING"/"IDEA" (#38-39)

F. SENSES SUPPORT HIS VIEW (#40)

G. REAL FIRE VS. IDEA OF FIRE (#41)

H. PERCEIVED DISTANCE (#42)

I. DISTANCE IS LEARNED BY EXPERIENCE (#43)

J. SIGHT & TOUCH (#44)

5. CONSEQUENCES (#85-100)

A. SKEPTICISM (#86)--ROOTED IN BELIEF IN MATERIAL SUBSTANCE (#87-89)

B. IDEAS EXIST BY BEING PERCEIVED & IN SPIRITS (#90-91)

C. ATHEISM (#92)

D. FATALISM/DETERMINISM (#93) & NO PROVIDENCE

E. NEED TO MOVE FROM IDEAS TO GOD AS CAUSE (#94) & HELP FAITH(#95)

F. ABSTRACT IDEAS (#97)--TIME (#97-98)

G. EXTENSION & MOTION (#99) & EFFECT ON ETHICS (#100)

6. KNOWLEDGE OF SPIRITS (#135-145)

A. CANNOT HAVE IDEA OF SPIRIT--CONTRADICTION (#135-136)

B. DEFINITION OF SPIRIT (#138)

C. NOTION (#140)

D. SPIRITS ARE NATURALLY IMMORTAL (#141)

E. NOTION (#142)

F. ABSTRACT IDEAS (#143)

G. LINGUISTIC CAUSES OF MISTAKES (#144)

H. HOW WE KNOW OTHER SPIRITS (#145)

7. WHY BELIEVE IDEALISM

A. AVOIDS: SKEPTICISM, ATHEISM, DETERMINISM

B. WE KNOW BY INTUITION-->TO BE IS TO BE PERCEIVED

C. MIND-INDEPENDENT MATERIAL THINGS?

CONTRADICTION IN TERMS & ONLY IDEAS EXIST

D. NO MATERIAL SUBSTANCES EXIST-->NO IDEA OF IT (LOCKE)

E. CHERRY/APPLE = RED/ROUND/RIPE/JUICY/SWEET + MATERIAL SUBSTANCE

(BUT NO IDEA = DOES NOT EXIST)

F. TASK/TEST: THINK OF A MIND-INDEPENDENT MATERIAL THING

--YOU CANNOT SO IT DOES NOT EXIST

8. PROBLEMS FOR/OBJECTIONS TO IDEALISM

A. PARAGRAPH #1--PROOF FOR CLAIM THAT WHAT WE KNOW IS IDEAS?

B. PROVES TOO MUCH--HOW CAN I EVER BE WRONG?

C. GOD IS CAUSE OF EVIL/SIN/ERROR

D. ERASES APPEARANCE/REALITY DISTINCTION

E. CONTINUITY PROBLEM

F. WHY DO WE THINK SCIENCE IS ABOUT WORLD--IT IS ABOUT GOD (THEOLOGY)

G. INCONSISTENCY? THERE ARE MIND-INDEPENDENT THINGS--SPIRIT

H. YOU CANNOT DIE OR COMMIT SUICIDE

I. HOW MANY REALITIES? ONE FOR EACH SPIRIT?